Spermicides are agents which impair the ability of sperm to fertilize an egg. Teratogens agents that can disturb or cause a malformation in the development of an embryo or fetus. Antiepileptic drugs aeds arouse concern for the risk of teratogenicity, but the data are limited. There are billions of potential teratogens, but only a few agents are proven to have teratogenic effects. Teratogen teratogen by monika nigam posted introduction. Teratogens are thought to have the ability to effect the fetus about 10 to14 days after conception. James graves wilsons six principles of teratology, published in 1959, guide research on teratogenic agents and their effects on developing organisms. A teratogen is an agent that can disturb the development of the embryo or fetus.
In this study, we evaluated the teratogenic potential of seven aeds carbamazepine cbz, ethosuximide etx, valproic acid vpn, lamotrigine lmt, lacosamide lcm. This new edition will continue to serve as a reference for use by clinical and research geneticists, teratologists, obstetricians, and pediatricians. Department of health and human services, centers for disease control and prevention, national institute for occupa. Oral doses of 50 mgkgday of haloxyfopethoxyethyl in rats between days 6 and 16 of pregnancy caused developmental abnormalities in the offsprings urogenital system and death to the fetus 5. The aim of experimental teratology in the postthalidomide period has been the exact explanation of causes and mechanisms of the rise of cdds. What pregnant women in thailand should know overview teratogens are agents or factors that damage the prenatal cellular development of a fetus. Classes of teratogens include radiation, maternal infections, chemicals, and drugs. However, the sensitivity of a certain in vitro test to a teratogenic agent may depend on the underlying mechanism of action of the compound.
Teratogenic agents and teratogenicity toxicity tests. The most comprehensive onevolume guide of its kind, this indispensable reference work has been revised and expanded to present information on teratogenic agents in a readyreference format. The teratogenic agents include some viral, spirochetal and protozoal infections, physical agents as ionizing radiations and excessive heat, pharmacological drugs as thalidomide, excessive vitamin a, corticosteroids, antiepileptic, antimalarial. Shepard, 1986, johns hopkins university press edition, in english 5th ed. To prove that a specific agents is teratogenic means to prove that the frequency of congenital malformations in women exposed to the agent prospectively is greater than the background frequency in the general population. The medical literature was queried with the pubmed search engine. Clinical trial considerations on male contraception and. There is little guidance regarding the risk of exposure of pregnant women women of childbearing potential to genotoxic or teratogenic compounds via vaginal dose delivered through seminal fluid during sexual intercourse. It is often thought of as the study of human congenital abnormalities, but it is broader than that, taking into account other nonbirth developmental stages, including puberty. The main purpose of this catalog is to help link the information on experimental teratogenic agents with the congenital defects in human beings. The toxicants which cause teratogenesis are known as teratogenic agents.
The catalog contains information on over 3500 agents and includes many references for the japanese as well as the american and european literature. Pdf teratogenic mechanisms of medical drugs researchgate. The clinical teratogenicity of the newer antileukemic chemotherapeutic agents administered to mothers early in the first trimester of pregnancy is not well defined. Are there teratogenic risks associated with antidotes used in. Apr 16, 2010 catalog of teratogenic agents by thomas h. Pdf background although prescription drug use is common during pregnancy, the human teratogenic risks are undetermined for more than 90% of drug.
Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development. Teratogens halt the pregnancy or produce a congenital malformation a birth defect. A deficiency of folic acid or the use of antagonistic drugs can impair cell growth and replication of the fetus. The teratogenic agents include some viral, spirochetal and protozoal infections, physical agents as ionizing radiations and excessive heat, pharmacological drugs as thalidomide, excessive vitamin a, corticosteroids, antiepileptic, antimalarial, antileishmaniasis and antihypertensive agents, industrial pollutants as toluene and. Teratogenic definition, a drug or other substance capable of interfering with the development of a fetus, causing birth defects. Humans are exposed to millions of potential deleterious substances and hazardous conditions daily. Reproductive toxin any hazardous substance that damages reproductive organs and. Toluene teratology 1997 pdf file search literature. Jul 25, 2009 introduction teratogen is a substance, organism, physical agent, or deficiency state present during gestation that is capable of inducing abnormal postnatal structure or function biochemical, physiologic or behavioral by interfering with normal embryonic or fetal development and thus, disturbs fetal development if fetal exposure to these. In the study of teratogenic causes of birth defects, casecontrol studies can be used to test the specific hypothesis that an exposure occurs together with a birth defect or group of defects more frequently than it occurs in association with pregnancies that have normal outcomes. However, only a small part of these substances have been tested in animals and even fewer were confirmed as a teratogenic for humans, as teratogenicity studies cannot be conducted in. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 161k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. During the first two weeks of gestation, teratogenic agents usually kill the embryo rather than cause congenital malformations. Teratogenic effects of antileukemic chemotherapy jama.
Teratogenic potential of antiepileptic drugs in the zebrafish. Abstract eight hundred fortysix short articles with key references, alphabetically ordered, describing drugs, chemicals, viruses, and physical conditions known to be capable of producing teratogenic effects in man and other vertebrates. If a teratogen has the potential to interfere with the closure of the neural tube, for example, the exposure to the teratogen must occur in the first 3. Toluene sniffing has been associated with a pattern of malformations similar to the fetal alcohol syndrome 1. Teratogenic drugs and agents a teratogenic drug is an agent that can disturb the development of the embryo or foetus by halting the pregnancy or producing congenital malformations birth defects. Developmental toxicology drugs, and fetal teratogenesis core. Teratogenic agents inhibit specific receptors or enzymes or disrupt specific developmental pathways e. Included in this eleventh edition are nearly 300 newly listed agents, approximately half of which are developmental genes that cause syndromes or. What is and is not known about teratogenic and toxic risks. Abstract short, alphabetically sequenced articles on 1968 drugs, nondrug chemicals, and a few other categories established as, or suspected of being, teratogenic agents. Teratogenicity and teratogenic factors medcraveonline.
The zebrafish model is an attractive candidate for screening of developmental toxicity during early drug development. Often several types of test systems are required to securely identify different classes of teratogenic agents test batteries. Dispensing of potentially teratogenic drugs before conception and during pregnancy. Teratogens may cause a birth defect in the child or cause termination of the pregnancy. Catalog of teratogenic agents 1986 edition open library. Teratogens are drugs, chemicals, or even infections that can cause abnormal fetal development. Catalog of teratogenic agents by shepard, thomas h. A non teratogenic agent is one which does not cause birth defects. Threshold dose teratogenic effects offspring while inutero mental retardation malformations ionizing radiation exposure effects cont genetic effects future generations anemia epilepsy diabetes asthma ionizing radiation exposure effects cont genetic effects future generations anemia epilepsy diabetes asthma natural genetic. Any substance that can induce or increase the incidence of a congenital malformation recognition of human teratogens offers the opportunity to prevent exposure 4. Wilsons six principles were inspired by gabriel madeleine camille darestes five principles of experimental teratology published in 1877. These data are often times not available in humans to determine in an unbiased fashion.
Reproductive toxin any hazardous substance that damages reproductive organs and can cause sterility or birth defects. Common teratogenes such as alcohol and nicotine arnett, 2012, p. No medicine chemical class medicine chemical agent effect recommendations 1. The results showed that 83% of women reported having used some type of drug during pregnancy, with a positive association with level of. Bexarotene, nci dictionary this includes evaluating a device for chemicals or agents that may have caused or contributed to birth defects or malformations teratogenic evaluation. Pdf teratogenesis is a process that causes birth defects or malformations in an embryo or foetus. Teratogenic effects of drugs is the hardcover version of a computerized database known as the teratogen information system teris, the online version of which first appeared in 1987. Niosh list of antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs in. Over 50 teratogenic environ mental drugs, chemicals, and physical agents have been. There are many things that can influence the teratogenicity of exposures and these include the timing. Teratogens can be diseases, medications, drugs and environmental exposures. Drugdispensing information was identified from the pharmo database network for the 12month period. Teratogenic effect definition of teratogenic effect by.
We summarize current thinking and provide clinical trial considerations for a consistent approach to contraception for males exposed to genotoxic andor teratogenic. Catalog of teratogenic agents annals of internal medicine. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Wilson defined teratology as a science dealing with adverse effects of the environment on developing systems, namely on germ cells, embryos, foetuses, and immature individuals. A gestatingembryo exhibits great dynamicity of the living cells.
Teratogenic agent definition of teratogenic agent by. Teratogen is an agent that can disturb the development of the embryo or fetus teratogens halt the pregnancy or produce a congenital malformation include radiation, maternal infections, chemicals, and drugs. Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. During the development of a baby, there are certain organs forming at certain times. Neurology for the speechlanguage pathologist sixth edition, 2017. A nonteratogenic agent is one which does not cause birth defects. By connor th, mackenzie ba, debord dg, trout db, ocallaghan jp. Drugs that are capable of acting as teratogens include.
Nov 14, 20 the zebrafish model is an attractive candidate for screening of developmental toxicity during early drug development. Teratogens are defined as any environmental factor that can produce a permanent abnormality in structure or function, restriction of growth, or death of the embryo or fetus. Teratogenic definition of teratogenic by the free dictionary. A teratogen is a substance from outside the body that causes birth defects or malformations. Cytarabine and thioguanine were given in identical doses to the same mother during the first trimester of two separate pregnancies. Papers searched were published from january 1940 to november 2005, in any language. Niosh list of antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs in healthcare settings, 2016. A synthetic retinoic acid agent with potential antineoplastic, chemopreventive, teratogenic and embryotoxic properties.
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